Side-force and dancer indicator.



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3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

C. e D d e t H e a 3 A TTURIVE Y M. 1.1mm.

SIDE FORCEAND DANGER INDICATOR. APPLICATION FILED MADY24'1915 RENEWED MAR. l. |918.

Lg'a Patented Dec; 3, 1918.

- 3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

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IVI. J. KLEIN.

SIDE FORCE AND DANGER INDICATOR. vAPPLICATION FILED MAY24,1915. nENEwEn MAR. |..19:.

L'm Patented Dee.V 3, M8.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

ivriirri'rns fr. KLEIN, orn'nw Yomeinir.

, SIDE-FORCE AND IANGER INDICATOR.

To @ZZ w hom t may concern i Be it known that I, MA'rr-iias J. KLEIN, a citizen of the United States, residing in New York, borough `1 of Manliattainin the county and State of New Yorkyhave invented certain new and useful `Improvements `in Side-Force and Danger Indicators, of which the Jfollowingis a speciiication.

This invention relatesto indicators to be used on motor vehicles (automobiles) and other Vehicles, having three ormore` `road wheels; its obj ect being to show, in the first place,the danger tothe vehicle oi' being turned over, when the latter is moving in a curve at a more or less high speed, and,sec ondly, toshow the so-called side-force acting sidewise `on the `vehicle tothe right or to the left. ,i

The invention consists oi' a pendulum (oscillating in a casing), put in a certain position usually on the :dashboard of a motor vehicle in front of the vehicle driver ;V

an index-handnot directly connected to the pendulum body or axis, is moving over a dial; the oscillations of the pendulum are transmitted to said index-hand by means of gear wheels, and thereby, the oscillation angle ofthe index-hand may be considerably larger than` the `corresponding oscillationl anglev of thependulum, and so large scale divisions are obtained. i Said dial has al ways` (on a double acting indicatorltwo socalled danger-marks7 or danger hands,

which :have iXed or `variable positions on the dial, and usually :one or more scale pairs, said index-,hand showing on the latter the i side-force acting on the vehicle ina direct or indirect way, and when 'either of said dan,`

ger-marks (or hands) is reached `by the in-` s dex-hand, the vehicle isjturned overby said lf, therefore, (vehicle moving in any curve on, a level or bankedroad), the index-hand comes more or less near,` to one of said danger-marks (or hands) the veliicle is more orless inidanger ofbeing turned The dangerinarks (gorj hands) change their positions on the `dial usually (but not i always) with the load of the vehicle; one of the danger-marks acts for richt hand, land le turns. i :Ther

Specification of Letters ."i'atent. i

scaleson thedial `be nonvarijable (con: stant) scales, or variablei` sri-calledside force scales; the latter show theside-orce `but; the `side-torce could not be read off, it

could only he roughlyestimated,as the iii-` deX-hand comesmore or lessnear to one fofl saiddanger-marks (or hands). f

ieatenteti ,new 3l, isis@ i i Application inea may 24, 1915, serial Nascosti. Renewed iviarciligisis. `seriai'"iv.i,a1a8es.f

`The `deiinition` of center linef, oit' side normal, oi' side-force angle, offturn over angle?, of turn i over siole-i'orce` of tangent of side-force angle, `of tangent of turn over anglefand its value, is the same as in my former application above mentioned.`

Theside-force (acting always `on the center of gravity of the loaded or unloaded vehicle, in the direction of said sideu normal), is shown by the index-hand of the indicator on the scale or scales ofthe dial; in percentage of the turn over side-force, in a direct `way, when variable side-force `scales( are used, and in an indirect way `when nonvariable (constant) scales areused on the dial of the indicator. Said side-force in creases in the same proportionasfthetangent of the side-force angle increases;` rEhe dany ger marks (orhaiidle) on `the dial (corresponding to the turnover angle of the pen duluin), represent always the`100% sideforce (the turn over side-force of the vehicle), and are marlredwith 100s` in this application, but maybe marked in some other i way if the index-haii d reaches (for instance) theLlOs niark (or hand) of a side-force scale, when the vehicleis moving 1in a curve, a side force of `4:08 or li0% (thatfjis, 4G/100 or` 2/5 of theturn over side-force) isshown. 100 times the tangent of the turn over angle, would give the position ofthe correspond` ing danger-1nark (or hand) on anon-Varia ble grade scale; this lgivesthe ixedrelation between` the positions ,of the dangerfmarlrs on the "dialandthe position oithe center of gravity of the loaded or unloaded vehicle.` -lf theivehicle stands (or moves straight) oni` a level road, the `index-hand of "the indicator must point to the zero-mark ofthe dial a `side-force of 0%). The "liiiei from said zerolpointto the oscillation" or (showin turning aXis of the index-hand, is the socalled zero-line of the dial. If the vehicle stands (or is moving straight) on a banked road, a component power of the vehicle weight will produce a side-force of (for instance) 30s or 30% (which is shown by the indicator); if now the vehicle moves in a curve on said banked road, a centrifugal force of (1o0-3o)=70% 0r (loca-3o): 180% (side-force) has to be produced (according to the way of turning), before the index-hand reaches 100s and the vehicle turns over; if the latter is turning on a level road, a centrifugal force of 100% (sideforce) must always be produced, before the index-hand reaches 100s on the dial of the indicator.

All the indicators described in the following are double acting, because they show the side-forceand turn over danger for right and left hand turns of the vehir le; the scales on the dial are therefore double scales (or s.;ale pairs) one of the scales with its danger-mark is on one side of the zero-line (a ting for right hand turns), and the other scale with its danger-mark is on the other side of said zero-line (and acting for left hand turns of the vehicle).

Each scale of a variable side-force scale pair consists of a certain number of scalehands, allturning around the turning axis of the index-hand, the 100s hands are the two danger-hands; each of said scale-hands shows always the same side-force when it is reached by the index-hand. All scale-hands are set to their proper places (by hand in some way), according to the load of the vehi le. Three diierent constructions of variable side-force s ales are shown and described in the following.

Said double acting indicator must be mounted on a four wheeled vehicle (the latter standing on a level road) in such a way, that the oscillation or swinging of the pendulum is parallel and near to the center line of the vehicle, and its indexhand pointsv to the zero-point, otherwise its place yon the vehii le is optional.

On a four Wheeled vehicle, the indicator always gives correct indifations, but on a three wheeledvehicle, the indi ations of said double acting indicator are only nearly correct; sir gle acting indicators. have to be used On three wheeled yehicles,in order to have corre t indications in that case, as will be shown in ancther application.

In the a companying drawing,

- Figure l is a front view,

Fig. 2 a verti al se `tion of a double acting side-force and danger indi-'Gator with a variable side-for e scale pair on the dial;

Fig. 3 shows some other constructions of a variable side-force scale pair;

Fig. t is a front View,

Fig. 5l a vertical seetion of an indicator,

in which the oscillations of the pendulum are transmitted to the index-hand by means of a pair of bevel gears;

Fig. 7 shows the dial of the (Fig. G) indicator;

Fig. 8 is a front view of a double acting,

indicator with no scale or scales on the dial, and

Fig. 9 is a front view of an indicator, in which the pendulum oscillations are transmit-ted to the index-hand by means of two pairs of bevel gears.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all figures.

The pendulum A of the double acting indicator shown in the Figs. l and 2, oscillates around the pendulum axis j' f1, the latter having bearings in the casing B B0. The index-hand Z), connected to shaft Z Z1, turns around the axis of Z Z1, and thereby moves over the dial E of the indicator; the gear sector p, connected to the pendulum A, meshes with the small gear wheel which is connected to shaft Z Z1 of the index-hand Zi; the radius of gear sector p is much larger than the radius of gear wheel fr, and therefore the oscillations of index-hand are much larger than the correspond-ing osrillations of the pendulum A; if the radius of gear sector p is (for instance) three times the radius of gear wheel g, then the pendulum oscillations are in reased in the proportion (or ratio) of 3:1 by the index-hand. The center of gravity of pendulum A and gear sector j) is at D. The dial E has its zero-point 0 at cZ; Z 0 (Z or Z Z is therefore the zero-line of dial E. If the vehicle is standing on a level road, the line f D (Fig. l) of the pendulum has a Vertical position and the index-hand b points to 0 (zero) the zero-line Z 0 (Z or Z 0 has also a verti al position, but may have any other direction. The dial E is provided with the non-variable grade scale pair (Z c and (Z e (each scale having the range from 0 to 120g) the scale c d (on the left of the zero-line Z (Z) acting for right hand turns, and the scale Z e (on the right of the zero-line) acting for lefthand turns of the vehicle. If the vehi le is at rest or moves in a straight line, the index-hand Z) would show on said grade scale pair c (Z e the banking grade of the road. The dial E has also a variable side-force sale pair, consisting of the scale-hands h1, h2, h3 and H0 (ating for right hand turns), and the scalehands h5, h6 and H (acting for left hand turns of the vehicle); H0 and H are the two danger-hands; all eight s ale-hands (each connected to a hollow shaft) turn around the turning center Z of the index-hand o; each of said scale-hands shows always the l samej'vsidefforce when it is reached bythe .index-hande; h1 `and k1 show always asideforce of 25s, 71.2 and h5 of 50s, 7a3 and 71. of.

75s, and `H0 `and H (the danger-hands) of 100.5.` `i

' The eight auxiliary hands z'1,f2, 3, l, and 1, i5, i, I (each connected to a hollow shaft which all turn around the axis m, m1) `are provided each with a radial slot (only the slots ofl"` and I are shown) in which a pin moves; the line mj is called the auxiliary zero-line, which is shown in the directionof the `zero-linel d, but may have any other direction or position. The two hand-screw shafts `701 and 7c 731 (mounted normal to the plane fm m1), turn in bearings ofthe casing B B, and` each of them has two screws `of different pitch, which move the four nuts g, g2, g1 and g11 in a slotof the casshafts are turned by means of the hand but' tons C and Cogkthe straight bar g1 with the pins T1 `and T2 is connected `to nut g, the bar g3 with the pins Tsand T4 is connected to nut. g2, the bar g5 with` thepins T5 and T6 is connected to `nut g4, and the bar g? withthe pins T7 and Ts isconnected to nut g; the eight pins T1, T2, T3, T41 and T5, T6, T7, TS, move in slots ofthe eight auxiliary hands i1, i2, i3, l and 1,915. 116, I, respectively (one pin in each slot). The four straight bars g1, g3, `g5 and g1, are always parallel `to said auxiliary Zeroline m the extension of `line T1 Tzcuts the line m n (normal `to m` j) inpoint n, and the extension of line TST? cuts line m a0 in point n1; the pitches ofthe two `screws loi' the hand-screw shaft 7c 701 are in theratio of mm. to mm1; the proportion Tan/mw (which `is 2/5 in the drawing,but may besome other` proportion) therefore,` remains constant by turning of the hand-screwshaft 70 `761,' the same is the case on the left ofm j, by turning the other hand-screw shaft/c 71.1. The

eight auxiliary hands 1, 2, 3,110, andi?, 5, t", I, `.move `the `c'orresponding `eightscale hands h1, 71.2, 7b3, H0 and h1, h5, its, H of dial E by means ofthe eight gear Wheel sectorst andthe eight gear wheels `u,fto their `proper places, when the hand-screw buttons C andI C are turned by hand; the radii ofthe' gear` wheel sectorst are in the sameproportion to the radii of` gear wheel calas thefradiusof gear sector p `to the` radius'of gearwheel QQ The p1nsT1 andTon bar g1 move (by means of the auxiliary hands i1, 2, and gear wheels,`

` t and u) the scale hands 71,1 and 7L?` respectively; as the latter showthe side-forces 25s and 50s respectively, and,25s/50s: `-1:2, the

proportion Ten/T11@ must be`1:`2` also; andl inl the same way T4Tt1/T3a1must be 3 fl, because thescale-hands 7b3 and `Ho y (moved in the same Way by the pins` T1 and Tf1), show the side-forces s`and `.1003,y respectively, and 758/100823 :(4. If for a certain load of the` vehicle, the tangent oftheturn ,over angle of the pendulum wouldl bel 1110 fonright and i left hand vehicleturns, then thebutt'ons C0 j and C are turned by hand,\`until1 the danger` hand reaches `110g lon` thegrade` scale"`c` d, and `danger-hand H reaches 11091` 1. ont the grade scale c7 c, and thereby the other "scaleiber .ofscale-hands for each scale pair, for in-` stance live` (as shown ondial E1xFig.` 8 for left hand turns) showing` the. side-.forces 20s, AOMGOS, 80s and` 100s (by the` variable tively, when reached `by the` index-hand 711 (Zldt is the zero-lineo E1., andfZ*` the turn ing `center of index-hand C711), the corre-` sponding five auxiliary hands` @'10, 11,7111, T-1S. and `I1 (on the left ci auxiliary line miql'it). all turning around 'm1, are moved by the three bars g11 (with pins T1wandT14), Igl

(with pin T15), and 5115 (with pins T16 and T17), connected tothe screwnuts` (/10, gw? and 911 respectively, `and hand-screw shaft 7:1 7a3 (withhand buttonCZ), for left handturns of the vehicle;

1 on the fright `0f auxiliary new i (ing. 1 is `shown 1 ,another` construction, Withfonly one `straight bar for `the 1 auxiliaryl hands `tor righthand turns of the vehicle; `the corre` sponding Variable sidefforce scale on dial E1l has only four variablescalefhandsshowing` the Iside-orces 408,160@ S03 and \100S..(by-tlref, scale hand 71,?, 715, 7th and. H1) lg" the four auxill iary hands"` (of Said four scalewhandS) are 211,63, hand 11.(alltur1iing aroundmz), they are movedby they.onebarfg9 (with thepins T1,T11, T111and T12) connected to `the screwl nut g?, and handrscjrew "shaft 763;.;761" (with hand button C1) ,the `latter hasfonly;` one screw;` i

While shaft` a1 7c3 hasthree screws of dilter- `1 `ent j pitches, varying` in y. the proportion mm2; amgf; atm? `the `line m1; at?, parallel to` 7a2 701,"1s normal tom? f1,- the extensions of thezmiddle lines offthe three bars g`11,g13and1 i g15 (allparallel1tom1j1)",cut theline Tf n1 in the points n3, mand "a1 respectively. Fach? `ofthe i9. auxiliary` hands (shown in Fig. f B) is provided witha radial"` slot (the lslotsof n hand buttons C1andJG1` are turnedbyhand) to .thercorresponding .9` scale handsxlotdial E1, by means of the 9 gear` wheel pairs? 151` and ultinthe samewaylas in :the Fig"s.1faud2fi .litt

and 100s.

arrangement. All other parts of the Fig. 3 indicator (not shown) are arranged similarly as in the Figs. l and 2.

The two axes of thev hand screw shafts cF/cl and 1c k1 (Fig. 1) are shown in one line, but-they' may be arranged in parallel lines; onenearer to f/n m1 than thek other.

In ease the center of gravity of the vehicle for different loads remains in the same center line, orfgoes only vertically up or down, then the two hand screw shafts ko Zal and 7c k1 (Fig. 1) may be connected by Zal and moved together by only one hand button C; in that case, the screws on one side of the auxiliary line m 7' are right handed, and on the other side of my' they are left handed.

In the modification shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the auxiliary hands with their pins, bars and gear wheels are left away, the construction of the indicator is thereby much simpliiied. Tothe pendulum A1, with the oscillation axis f2 f2 (turning in bearings in the casing B3 B2), is connected the gear sector p1, vwhich meshes vwith the small lgear wheel Q1 connected toshaftv Z2 Z3; to the latter, index-handv b2 is connected which moves over dial E2; in this way the pendulum oscillations are transmitted to the index-hand in an increased ratio. The center of gravity of pendulum A1 and gear sector p1 is at D1; the center of gravity of gear wheel 1, of `shaft-Z2 Z2 and index-hand b2,must e in the axis Z2 Z3.- The dial E2, with its zero line Z2 0 Z2 has two scale pairs, the non-variable grade scale pair c2 Z2 c2 (each scale extending yto 120g), and a variable sideforce scale pair, consisting of the scalehands 71.14, 7L, ZL, h1", H2 and 71,12, k12, 71,2", Z1,21,`H4 showing the side-forces 25s, 50s, 7 5s, 8711/28 and 100s respectively, (when reached by the index-hand) for right and left hand vehicle turns; all tenscale rhands (turning around the axis Z2 Z3 of the index-hand) are set by hand (by loosening and tightening of 'y the hand i screw button` C3), to their proper places according to the load of the vehicle.v If the tangent of the turn over'angle for a' certainvvehicle load is (for instance) 0.96,

for right and left hand vehicle turns, then the danger-hands H3 and H2 must point each to 96g of'they grade'scale pair, ZL,

showingr always a side-force of 25s, must.

point to (25/l00zl/4 v0f 96) 24g, 515 to (5o/100 Of 96) 4dr/,and so on. Instead of 1 showing the side-forces 25s, 50s, 7 5s, vS-l/Qs and 100s, said scale hands may be setv diiferently, -for instance, so as to show the sideforces. 208,408', 60s, 80s and 100s, or s0 as to show the side-forces 40s, 60s, 80s, 90s Instead of five scale-hands for each scale,` any other number may be used.

Asihere (Fig. a), each'scale hand of the vari` able iside-*force scale pair has to be set by hand,- itxtakesmuch more'time to-change said side-forcescale pair 'for another vehiele load, as it takes in the Fig. 1 or 3 case, where only the two danger-hands have to be set by hand, while all other scale hands nrove automatically to their proper places.

In the modification shown in Fig. 6, in a vertical section, the oscillations of the pendulum A2 are transmitted to the index-hand b2 by means or' the bevel gears p2 and g2; the pendulum A2 with bevel gear sector p2 turns around the axis of f4 f5 (the latter has bearings in the casing B'1 B5), D2 is the center of gravit-y of A2 and p2,- to shaft ZJX Z5 are connected the small bevel gear wheel ([2 and the indcxehand Z13; q2 meshes with p2, and so the oscillations of the pendulum A2 are transmitted to the index-hand b3 in an increased ratio, the latter moves over dial E2 (Figs. G and 7) g said dial with the zero-line Z4 has the grade scale pair c2 (Z2 c3 and the two variable danger-hands H and H turning` around the center Z4; and H6 are set by hand (according to the vehicle load) and kept in position by the hand Ibut-t0n C4'. The index-hand b2 shows the side-force indirectly on said grade scale pair c3 (Z3 e2 for right and left hand vehicle turns; the inclined position of dial E3 may be more convenient for the vehicle driver than a vertical position of the indicator dia-l. scale hands except the two danger-hands, and is therefore simpler in construction than dial E2 of Fig. 4.

The modification shown in a frontV view in Fig. 8, is still simpler in construction, the non-variable grade scale pair (shown in all arrangements above described) is also lett away; its dial has therefore no scale o1' scale-pair. The pendulum A3 (having bearings in casing B6) oscillates around the axis at f6, the gear wheel sector p3 connected to the pendulum, meshes with the small (rear wheel Q3, which is connected to the shaft of the index-hand b4, the latter turns around the center Z` and moves over dial E4; Z d* is the zero-line of the dial; the two dangerhands H7 and H2, turning around the center ZG are set by hand (according to vehicle load), and kept in position by the hand screw button C5 in the same way as in the Fig. 6 arrangement. D3 is the center of gravity of pendulum A3 and gear sector p3. As the dial E4 has no scales, the side-force can only be estimated, but the turn over danger is indicated in the said way, as by all other indicators before described.

In the modification, shown in a front view in Fig. 9, the pendulum. oscillations are transmitted to the index-hand by means of two pairs of bevel gears, and thereby the dial E5 can `be arranged more 01 less sidewise of the pendulum A4 nearer to the vehicle driver. The pendulum A4 (having bearings in easing B7) oseillates around the axis at j", the bevel gear sector p4, connected Said dial E3 has no variable to `als peduium, meshes with am Smau sector p4; LZT d5 is the Zero-line of the dial, which has the two side-force 1scale pairs c 1maybey fused.

isses@ i bevel gear g4; the latterand bevelgear Q5 are connected to a shaft having the direct1on fi Z7 and mounted in bearings of the casing 137;:75 meshes with bevel gear (7,

the latter is connected to the shaft ofthe `index-hand b5, which turns around the center Z7, and moves over the dial E5l of the "indicaton D4 is the center double actin pendulum. A* and bevel gear of gravity o 04 `e" and 05 d5 e5, which areacting, one for a certain load of the vehicle, f andthe othe` for the unloaded vehicle. `The index hand ,c bfshows on said side-force scales di rectly the side-forceacting on the turning vehicle.r For more than two different vehicle; loadsfmorethan two side-force scale c pairslta plurality of side-forcescale pairs) 'may be used Yon the dial. If on the radial of v Figi9on`e side-'force scale-'pairfis leftI away,

thefremainingpairof side force scales shows the side Yforce directly for one load ofthe z vehicle." l l l i f "Thepartitions M0 and M in the casing"- of Fig. 1, and the partitions M1; M2 in Fig.

4,*M3 `Mjin Fig. 8, and M5, M6 in Fig. 9, have the object to stop the oscillations `of the lypendulumquickly. The shape of the penjdulums 'may be. different from" the shape showninthe drawings,` and for the di fierent arrangements of the double acting indicator (as shown), equivalent constructions lHaving thus described invention, I claim asnew and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

All# In a doubleacting side-force" and dan-i, "ger indicator for vehicles, the combination -of a casing, a pendulum in said casing, a

dial on said casing having two variable' dangerihands one on each side of the zeroline) gravity of the loaded vehicle, and an index` hand` moving over said dial, the oscillation axis of the pendulum being parallel with `an'dnear tothe center-line of thevehicle.

meansffor transmitting the oscillations of the pendu'lurn to said index-hand, the latter showiiigthereby 'on said dial when the vehicleis moving in a curve,` the increasedj danger ofthe vehicle being turned over,

Ewhen said index-hand *comes more or less closetoone of said two 'dangerhands 2. ln a double acting" side-force anddanger indicator for vehicles,`the combination of'a casing, a pendulum in "said casing, af dial on said,L caslng with an" index-hand moving over said dial, the, latter having a plurality of side-force scale "pairs, corres sponding to a plurality of different `vehicle loads, the two s marks of each scale pair I but no scales, the positions of said' danger-hands on said dial having a fixed?, relationfto the position of the center of relation tothe position of the [center of `lations ofthe pendulum t-osaid index-hand,

the oscillation axis ofthe pendulumcbeing parallel "with "and near to the center line otr the vehicle, said index-hand `showing thereby on one of saidacting side-force scale pair when the vehicle is moving in a curve, the side-force `acting on the vehicle,

and the increaseddanger of the latter being turned dver, when said` index-hand,comes` more or less close to danger-marks.

13; In a double acting side-force and dan? ger indicator "for, vehicles, the combination ofa casing, a ,pendulum in said casing, a dial on said casingvvith an`in`dex-hand moving over said dial, the oscillations off the pendulum being transmitted to` said `inde"x`` c I handby means of gear wheels, in min-Q90 creased ratio, saiddial havingtwo variable" dangerfhands (one on each sideof the aero-` i: line)` and two scalep`airs,"one being alnonvariabletgrade scale-pair, andthe other a l' c variable `side-iorce scale-pair, eachscale of the latter consisting "ofa certain number of scaleshands turning around the turning centerof lthe index-hand, each scale-hand being (by means of said non-variable grade scalefpair) set `by hand `according to vehicle said ldiahhaving `a fixed relation to the pou one of said two` acting` 11de' load,`the positions of said danger-hands on sition of the centerof gravity of the loaded vehicle, the oscillation axisof the pendulum c x being parallel withfand nearto the center#` line of the vehicle, said index-hand showing thereby on saidfsideforcelscales when" the vehicle is moving in a curve, the side;`

force acting on the vehicle; and the increasedj danger of the latter beingturned over, when said index-hand comes more for `less close to one of said two danger-hands.

4.' In"`a double-acting side-force and danger indicator `for vehicles; the combination of a casing a pendulum in said casing, a dial on `said casing with an index-hand moving t over said dial` the oscillations of thependulum being transmitted to said index-hand by means lof Irear wheels, in yan increased ratio,

`said dial ,having two variable clangerhands (one on Aeach side of the ze'rdline) andy two scale pairs, onefbeing a non-variablegrade ,i

scale-pair, andthe other'a variable side` force'scalepain each scale ofthe latter con` sisting` of a certain number of scale-hands turning around the turningveenter of the" index fliand, eachLUscale-hand being moved (bv means of gear wheels) bv 4an auxiliary handiall auxiliary hands turning around"` another xed point, the turning angle .of

ita

eachscalef-hand to the corresponding turning angle of its auxiliary hand being in the same proportion as the oscillation angle of the index-,hand to the corresponding oscillation angle of thev pendulum, each of said auxiliary hands having a radial slot in which a pin moves, all the pins being connected (intwostraight lines which are al Ways parallel to said auxiliary zero-line) to two bars, one of them acting for rightV hand turns and the other for left hand turns of the vehicle, each of said bars (with their pins being moved normally to said auxiliary zero-line by means of a hand screwshaft, one of, said two hand screw-shafts moving (or setting) one half ot all scale hands (by means of said non-variable grade scale-pair) to their proper places according to the load of' the vehicle for righthand turns, and the other hand screw-shaft moving (or setting) the rest of the scale-hands in the same way for left hand vehicle turns, so that each of said scale-hands shows always the sameside-force when said indexhand reachesI it, the positions of said dangerlhands on said. dial having; a xed relation to the position of the center of gravity of the loaded vehicle,` the oscillation-axisl of the pendulum being parallel with and near to the centersline` of thel vehicle,said indexhand showing thereby on said sideforce scales whenthe vehicle ismoving in a curve, the side-force acting on the vehicle, and the increased danger of the' latter being turned over, when said index-hand comes more or less close to one of said two danger-hands.

5. In a double acting side-force and` danger indicator for vehicles, the combinationof a casing, a -pendulum in' said casing, adial on said casing with an index-hand moving over said dial the oscillations of the pendulum beine` transmitted to said index-hand by means oj gear wheels in an increased ratio, said dial (one on each sidevof thefzero-line) and two scale pairs, one being a non-variable grade scale-pair, and thel other a variable sideforce scale-pair, each scale of the latter consisting of a 'certain number of scale-hands turning around-the turning center of the in dex-hand, each scale-hand being moved (by means of gear wheels) by an auxiliary hand, all auxiliary hands turning aroundv another fixed point, thev turning angle of each scale-hand to the corresponding turning angle ofits auxiliary hand, being in the sameproportion as the oscillation angle of the index-hand to. the corresponding oscillation angle of the pendulum, each of said auxiliary hands having a radial slot in which a' pin moves, all pins being connected to two groups of straightbars (the latter are always parallel to said auxiliary Zero-line),

one group of bars (onone sideof the auxilhaving two variable danger-hands' (with all their pins) being moved normal to said auxiliary zero-line by means of a hand screw shaft, the latter having so many screws,l of different pitches, as there are bars in the group, one of said two hand screwshafts moving (or setting) one half of all scale-hands (by means of said non-variable grade scale-pair) to their proper places-according to the load of the vehicle for right hand turns, and the other hand screw-shaft moving (or setting) moves (or sets) the rest of the scale hands in the same wav for left hand vehicle turns, so that each of said scale-hands showsv always the same side-force when said index-hand reaches it', the ositions of said danger-hands on said dial laving.. a fixed relation to the position of the center of gravity of the loaded vehicle, the oscillation axis of the pendulum being parallel with and near tothe center line of the vehicle, said index-hand showing thereby on said side-force scales when the vehicle is movingin a curve, the side-force acting on the vehicle, and the increased danger of the latter being turned over, when said index-` hand comes more or less close to one of said two danger-hands. y

6. In a double acting side force and danger indicator for vehicles, the combination of a casing, a pendulum in said casing, a dial on said casing having two danger hands and a non-variable scale pair of any kind, the positions of said danger hands on said dial having a fixed relation to the position of the center of gravity of the loaded vehicle, anI index hand moving over said pair of scales, the oscillation axis of the pendulum beingtparallel with and near the center line of the vehicle, means for transmitting the oscillations of the pendulum to the said index hand, the latter showing thereby 0n said dial: when the vehicleI is moving in a' curve on a level or banked road, indirectly the side force acting onthe turning vehicle, and the increased dangerof the vehicle bes ing turned over, when said index hand comes more or less close to one of said two danger hands.

7. In a double acting side force and danger indicator for' vehicles, the combination of a casing, a pendulum in said casing, a d'ial on saidy casing having two danger marksand a pair of side'i'orce scales, the positionsv of said danger marks on said dial having a fixed re= lation to the position of the center of gravity of the loaded vehicle, an index hand moving over said pair of scales, the oscillation axis of the pendulum being parallel with and near to the center line of the vehicle, means for transmitting the oscillations of the pendulum to the said index hand, the latter showing thereby on said dial when thevef hiele is moving in curve on a .level or banked road, the side force acting on the turning vehicle, and the increased danger of the vehicle being turned over, When said in- `presence of two subscribingwitnesses.

` Witnesses:

J os. BISBANO, F. Hose.

MATHIAS J. KLEIN.

Copies of this patent may he obtained for live` cents eaclmby addressing the Goitsioner of mtntn.

i Washington, IB. 

